Autism: a comprehensive compendium 2022
Autism or autism is one of the
disorders that belongs to a group of developmental disorders called autism
spectrum disorders, and it appears in childhood, usually before the child is
three years old.
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| Autism |
Although the severity and symptoms
of autism vary from case to case, all autism disorders affect a child's ability
to communicate with and develop relationships with those around him.
Estimates show that 6 out of
1,000 children in the United States have autism, and the number of diagnosed
cases of the disorder is steadily increasing.
It is not yet known whether
this increase is the result of better effective case detection and reporting, a
real and real increase in the number of people with autism, or the result of
these two factors together.
Although there is still no cure
for autism, intensive treatment and early diagnosis can make a significant and
significant change in the lives of children with this disorder.
The main difficulties faced by autistic patients
Children with autism also
almost certainly have difficulties in three basic areas of development:
- Mutual social relations.
- language.
- behavior.
As children advance into adulthood, some of them may become more capable and willing to blend in and blend into the surrounding social environment.
and they may show fewerbehavioral disturbances than the characteristics of autism, and some may even
be successful in lead a normal life or lifestyle. soon From normal and normal.
On the other hand, others
continue to have difficulties in language skills and social interactions, as
their behavior problems worsens into adulthood.
Some children are slow to learn
new information and skills, and others have normal IQs, or even higher than
other normal people. These children learn quickly but have communication
problems to apply the things they have learned in their daily lives and to cope
with different situations.
A very small proportion of
children with autism are self-taught and have unique exceptional abilities,
especially in a particular field, such as: art, math, or music.
Symptoms of autism
Because the signs and symptoms
of autism vary from patient to patient, two different children with the same
medical diagnosis are likely to behave in very different ways and have
completely different abilities.
But cases of severe autism are
characterized in most cases by the absolute inability to communicate or
establish reciprocal relationships with other people.
Most children develop symptoms
of autism in infancy, while other children may emerge and develop quite
normally during the first months or years of life, but suddenly become
withdrawn, hostile, or lose the language skills they had previously acquired.
then.
Although each child has
symptoms of autism and shows their own temperament and patterns, the following
symptoms are the most common for this type of disorder:
- 1. Disorders of social skills
Symptoms appear in the patient
as follows:
Does not respond to being
called by name.
No more direct eye contact.
He can't seem to hear it.
Will not embrace or therapists
in on himself.
He does not seem to be aware of
the feelings and feelings of others.
It seems that he likes to play
alone, waiting for his own person in his world.
- 2. Problems with language skills
The following are the main
symptoms of language skills difficulties:
Starts to speak at an older age
compared to other children.
He loses the ability to say
certain words or sentences with which he was previously familiar.
He visually connects when he
needs something.
He speaks with a strange voice
or with different tones and rhythms, or speaks with a singing voice, or with a
voice similar to that of a robot.
Cannot start a conversation or
continue an existing conversation.
He can repeat words, phrases,
or terms, but he doesn't know how to use them.
- 3. Behavioral problems
The following are the main
symptoms of behavior problems in autistic patients:
Perform repetitive motions,
such as rocking, spinning, or waving your hands.
Develop habits and rituals that
you repeat all the time.
Lose your cool when there is
any change, even the slightest or smallest, in these customs or rituals.
be in constant motion.
Being dazed and fascinated by
certain parts of objects, such as: a spinning wheel on a toy car.
Being overly sensitive to
light, sound, or touch, but unable to feel pain.
Young children have a hard time
when asked to share their experiences with others.
Causes and risk factors of
autism
There is no single factor known
as the definitive cause of autism.
However, given the complexity
of the disease, the extent of autistic disorders, and the fact that two
autistic states do not coincide, that is, between two autistic children, it is
likely that there are many factors that cause autism.
Causes of autism
Among the most important causes
that can lead to autism:
1. Hereditary disorders
Researchers have discovered
several genes that may play a role in causing autism, some of which make a
child more susceptible to the disorder, while others affect brain growth and
development and the way brain cells they communicate with each other.
Any genetic defect in and of itself may be responsible for a number of autism cases, but in a holistic view it appears that genes in general have a very central or even decisive influence on autism, and some genetic disorders can be transmitted genetically, while others may appear spontaneously (spontaneously.
2. Environmental factors
A large part of health problems
are the result of genetic and environmental factors combined, and this may be
true in the case of autism.
Recently, researchers are
examining the possibility that a viral infection or environmental contamination
could be a motivating factor for the development of autism.
3. Other factors
There are other factors that
are being investigated and studied recently, among them: problems during
childbirth and the role of the immune system in everything related to autism.
Some researchers believe that
damage to the amygdala, a part of the brain that acts as a hazard detector, is
a triggering factor for autism.
Risk factors for autism
Autism
can occur in any child of any origin or nationality, but there are known risk
factors that increase the likelihood of developing autism, and these factors
include:
1. Gender of the baby
Research
has shown that boys are three times more likely to develop autism than girls.
2. Family history
Families
who have a child with autism have a greater chance of giving birth to another
child with the disease, and it is known and common that parents or relatives
who have a child with autism themselves suffer from certain disorders in some
developmental skills, or development, or even of certain autistic behaviors.
3. Other disorders
Children
with certain medical problems are more likely to develop autism. These medical
problems include:
Fragile
X syndrome, an inherited syndrome that leads to mental disorders.
Tuberous
sclerosis, which leads to the formation and development of tumors in the brain.
A
neurological disorder is known as Tourette syndrome.
Epilepsy
causing seizures.
4. Age of parents
Researchers
tend to believe that parenting later in life can increase the likelihood of
developing autism.
Comprehensive
research has shown that children born to men over 40 are 6 times more likely to
develop autism than children born to parents under 30, and research shows that
the mother's age has a marginal effect on the likelihood of autism.
Complications of autism
Complications
of autism include:
Inability
to succeed in studies.
Social
isolation.
Inability
to live independently.
Stress.
Abuse
and violent treatment with them.
The
treating pediatrician performs regular growth and development checks to detect
a delay in the child's development.
If
your child has symptoms of autism, you can see a doctor who specializes in the
treatment of autism, who, in cooperation with a team of other specialists, will
conduct an accurate assessment of the disorder.
Since
autism varies from so many degrees of severity and severity of symptoms,
diagnosing autism can be a complex and complex task, as there is no specific
medical test to detect existing autism.
disease
diagnosis
The
formal evaluation of autism includes the following:
Consultation
of the child's specialist doctor.
Discussion
with parents about the child's social skills, language skills, and behavior,
and how and to what extent these factors change and develop over time.
Subject
the child to various examinations and tests to assess his speech and language
skills and examine some psychological aspects.
Although
the initial symptoms of autism appear before 18 months, the final diagnosis is
sometimes made only when the child reaches two or three years, when there is a
developmental defect, a delay in the acquisition of language skills, or a
defect in interpersonal social relationships.
Early
diagnosis is very important, because early intervention, especially before the
child reaches three years of age, is a very important element to achieve the
best possibilities and opportunities for improvement of the situation.
Autism treatment
To
this day, there is no single treatment available to everyone with the same
amount, and indeed the range of treatments available to autistic patients that
can be taken at home or school is surprisingly very diverse.
Treatment
of autism includes:
- Behavior therapy.
- Speech and language pathology therapies.
- Didactic and educational therapy.
- drug therapy.
Autism
prevention
There
is no way to prevent autism, but an early diagnosis can improve the behavior of
a person with autism.
Alternative therapies
Since
autism is a very difficult and incurable condition that has no curative
treatment, many parents turn to alternative medicine solutions.
Although
some families have reported positive results after treating autism with a
special diet and other alternative therapies, researchers cannot confirm or
deny the efficacy of these various treatments in autistic patients.
Some
very popular alternative treatments include:
- New creative treatments.
- Follow your diet.
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